The Ostend Manifesto, 1854 Proposal for US to Acquire Cuba

The Ostend Manifesto was a document written by three American diplomats stationed in Europe in 1854 which advocated for the U.S. government to acquire the island of Cuba through either purchase or force. The plan created controversy when the document was made public in partisan newspapers the following year and federal officials denounced it. The goal of acquiring Cuba had been a pet project of President Franklin Pierce. The purchase or seizure of the island was also favored by pro-slavery politicians in the United States, who feared a slave rebellion in Cuba might spread to the American South. Key Takeaways: Ostend Manifesto Meeting requested by President Pierce led to proposal by three American ambassadors.Plan to acquire Cuba was rejected by Pierce as too audacious and unacceptable politically.When the proposal leaked to opposition newspapers the political battling over slavery intensified.One beneficiary of the proposal was James Buchanan, as his involvement helped him become president. The manifesto never led to the U.S. acquiring Cuba, of course. But it did serve to deepen the sense of distrust in America as the issue of slavery became a simmering crisis in the mid-1850s. In addition, the crafting of the document aided one of its authors, James Buchanan, whose rising popularity in the South helped him become president in the election of 1856. The Meeting at Ostend A crisis in Cuba developed in early 1854, when an American merchant ship, the Black Warrior, was seized in a Cuban port. The incident created tensions, as Americans considered the fairly minor incident to be an insult from Spain directed at the United States. The American ambassadors to three European countries were directed by President Franklin Pierce to meet quietly in the town of Ostend, Belgium, to come up with strategies to deal with Spain. James Buchanan, John Y. Mason, and Pierre Soule, the American ministers to Britain, France, and Spain, respectively, gathered and drafted the document that would become known as the Ostend Manifesto. The document, in fairly dry language, stated the issues the U.S. government had been having with Spain’s possession, Cuba. And it advocated that the United States should offer to purchase the island. It stated that Spain would likely be willing to sell Cuba, but if it didn’t, the document argued that the U.S. government should seize the island. The manifesto, addressed to Secretary of State William Marcy, was sent to Washington, where it was received by Marcy and passed along to President Pierce. Marcy and Pierce read the document and immediately rejected it. American Reaction to the Ostend Manifesto The diplomats had made a logical case for taking Cuba, and they argued throughout that the motivation was the preservation of the United States. In the document they specifically noted the fear of a slave rebellion in Cuba and how that might pose a danger. Less dramatically, they argued that Cuba’s geographic location made it a favorable position from which the United States could defend its southern coast, and specifically the valuable port of New Orleans. The authors of the Ostend Manifesto were not thoughtless or reckless. Their arguments for what would be a controversial series of actions paid some attention to international law and demonstrated some knowledge of naval strategy. Yet Pierce realized that what his diplomats proposed went far beyond any actions he was willing to take. He did not believe the American people, or the Congress, would go along with the plan. The manifesto might have been a quickly forgotten exercise in diplomatic brainstorming, but in the very partisan atmosphere of Washington in the 1850s it quickly turned into a political weapon. Within weeks of the document arriving in Washington, it had been leaked to newspapers favorable to the Whig Party, the opponents of Pierce. Politicians and newspaper editors directed withering criticism at Pierce. The work of three American diplomats in Europe turned into something of a firestorm as it touched upon the most contentious issue of the day, slavery. Anti-slavery sentiment in America was growing, especially with the formation of the new anti-slavery Republican Party. And the Ostend Manifesto was held up as an example of how the Democrats in power in Washington were devising underhanded ways to acquire territory in the Caribbean to extend America’s slave-holding territory. Newspaper editorials denounced the document. A political cartoon produced by the noted lithographers Currier and Ives would eventually ridicule Buchanan for his role in the drafting of the proposal. Cartoon of four ruffians robbing a respectable man with the Ostend Manifesto, to capture Cuba, written on a nearby wall and caption The Ostend Doctrine. Practical Democrats Carrying Out The Principle. circa 1854. Fotosearch / Getty Images Impact of the Ostend Manifesto The proposals set forth in the Ostend Manifesto never came to fruition, of course. If anything, the controversy over the document probably ensured that any discussion of the United States acquiring Cuba would be rejected. While the document was denounced in the northern press, one of the men who drafted it, James Buchanan, was ultimately helped by the controversy. The accusations that it was a pro-slavery scheme boosted his profile in the American South, and helped him secure the Democratic nomination for the election of 1856. He went on to win the election, and spent his one term as president trying, and failing, to grapple with the issue of slavery. Sources: Ostend Manifesto. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopediaâ„ ¢, Columbia University Press, 2018. Research in Context.McDermott, Theodore, et al. Ostend Manifesto. The Manifesto in Literature, edited by Thomas Riggs, vol. 1: Origins of the Form: Pre-1900, St. James Press, 2013, pp. 142-145. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Patrick, J., Pious, R., Ritchie, D. (1993). Pierce, Franklin. In  (Ed.), The Oxford Guide to the United States Government. : Oxford University Press.

Short Story - 1519 Words

The mental struggle to move was overpowered by physical restrictions, but the fight of determination was forceful, his words broke free of the strain and he finally managed to answer the voice that repeatedly called his name. But the voice was not the only call for his attention, someone was touching his foot. â€Å"Runny? Runny?† The voice projected barely above a whisper and the contact on his left leg became ignorable. He tried to sit up, but sharp unbearable pains rushed through his body. He fought to become fully alert and was unable to contrast the variation of voices that called out his name. Seconds later, the room was filled with staff members who were moving about in a panicking manner. Among the attendees was, Dr. Gwen, who bent the†¦show more content†¦The doctor turned to start the process, but Mini clutched his arm, almost startling the doctor. The doctor eye’s travel to Mini’s grip that tightly held his arm, making him quite uncomfortable. His eyes meet Mini’s eyes. â€Å"Doc, please don’t let me die.† Chapter 2 â€Å"Mr. Clem?† Dr. Gwen entered the hospital room, his eyes rapidly moved over Mini’s entire body, observing his patient like the eyes of a hawk. He grabbed the medical chart and examined it thoroughly, he looked over the chart before he dropped it and spoke. â€Å"I’m going to be discharging you today. I’m prescribing you pain pills to alleviate any pains. I’ve also sent in an order to the county jail for physical rehabilitation.† Mini looked the doctor squarely in his eyes, his gaze commissioned for the truth. â€Å"So how long will it be before I’m able to walk?† â€Å"Copy that.† The deputy sheriff’s radio announced its presence. Both Mini and the doctor turned to the sheriff who was sent to escort Mini, he reached to his side and lowered the volume. The doctor turned back to Mini. â€Å"Well, Mr. Clem. That all depends on you and your determination. You are all set to go. I should see you again in six weeks,† He reached his hand out to shake Mini’s hand. â€Å"Good luck, Mr. Clem.† The doctor turned toward the officer. â€Å"Give me a moment and I will have the nurse summon an ambulance to transportShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Poetry Nothing Is beautiful As Spring Free Essays

â€Å"Nothing is beautiful as Spring†. This Italian sonnet was written to describe a natural world. God’s presence is identified as an electrical current that runs through the earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Nothing Is beautiful As Spring or any similar topic only for you Order Now God’s presence runs like the refracted glinting of light produced by metal foil, whenever it is moved quickly. The sonnet quotes God to be like rich oil. Oil is very rich and thick. Oil is needed every where around the world. If you don’t believe it, drive your car month after month without getting an oil change or even oil in general. With God being identified as oil, he is measured as greatness. Given these strong proofs of Gods divine presence the poet that wrote this particular sonnet how and why do humans fail to recognize his presence and his divine authority. God’s authority is described as the â€Å"rod†. This sonnet also deals with the state of human life. It also deals with human nature. God crated all things in earth and above heaven. This sonnet talks and deals with human life. Why don’t people recognize the things that God has placed in the world? He gave us these things to use for our needs Permeating the world is a deep â€Å"freshness† that testifies to the continual renewing power of God’s creation. The power of renewing is seen during the morning always waits on the other side of the darkness of the night. This final image is one of God guarding the impending of the world and containing within Him the power and assurance of rebirth. Gerard Manley Hopkins is one of the most phenomenal 19th-century poets of religion, of nature, and of inner anguish. His view of nature and the world is like a book written by God himeslf. In this poem God expresses himself completely, and it is y â€Å"reading† the world that humans can approach God and learn about Him. Hopkins therefore sees the environmental crisis of the Victorian period as vitally linked to that era’s spiritual crisis, and many of his poems have become man’s indifference to the destruction of sacred natural and religious order. This poet harbored an acute interest in the scientific and technological advances of his day; he saw new discoveries as further evidence of God’s deliberate hand, rather than as refutations of God’s existence. Hopkins wrote mostly in the sonnet form. He preferred the Italian r Petrarchan sonnet, which contains of an octave followed by a sestet, with a turn in argument or change in tone occurring in the second part. Hopkins normally uses the octave to present some account of personal or sensory experience and then employs the sestet for philosophical reflection. While Hopkins enjoyed the structure the sonnet form imposes, with its fixed length and rhyme scheme, he nevertheless he constantly stretched and tested its limitations. One of Hopkins major innovations was a new metrical form, called sprung rhythm. In sprung rhythm, the poet counts the umber of accented syllables in the line, and places no limit on the total number of syllables. As opposed to syllabic meters (such as the iambic), which count both stresses and syllables, this form allows for greater freedom in the position and proportion of stresses. English verses have traditionally alternated, stressed and unstressed syllables with occasional variation, Hopkins was free to place multiple stressed syllables one atter another or to run a large number ot unstressed syllables together (as in â€Å"Finger of a tender of, O of a feathery delicacy’ from Wreck of the Deutschland). This gives Hopkins great control over the speed of his lines and their dramatic effects. Another unusual poetic resource Hopkins favored is â€Å"consonant chiming,† a technique he learned from Welsh poetry. The technique involves detailed use of alliteration and internal rhyme; in Hopkins’s eyes this creates an unusual thickness and resonance. The close linking of words through sound and rhythm complements Hopkins’s themes of finding a guide and design everywhere. Hopkins’s form is also characterized by a stretching of the convention of grammar and sentence structure, o that newcomers to his poetry must often strain to parse his sentences. Deciding which word in a given sentence is the verb, for example, can often involve significant interpretive work. In addition, Hopkins often invents words, and draws his vocabulary freely from a number of different registers of diction. This leads to a surprising mix of neologisms and archaisms throughout his lines. Yet for all his innovation and disregard of convention, Hopkins’ goal was always to bring poetry closer to the character of natural, living speech. How to cite Poetry Nothing Is beautiful As Spring, Papers

Africa and the Atlantic World free essay sample

Africa and the Atlantic world explores the trials and tribulations of Africans being forced from their homeland and sold into slavery. Africans endured such hardships and conditions that their souls vanished with the site of mother Africa. Europeans sold and forced slaves to cultivate sugar plantations for their own profits. The Americas, Europe and Africa were involved in a cross continental system of human trafficking. African men, woman and children were shipped across the Atlantic to the Americas.Africans who survived being rapped, malnutrition, dehydration and being tortured on the voyage were sold to European masters and forced to be laves on plantations. The first major development comes in 1417, when Prince Henry of Portugal seized the Madeira Islands off the northern part of West Africa. In 1450, Portugal created the plantation system by using slave labor to cultivate sugar cane. This is important because the cultivation Of sugar was the primary reason slavery continued for 400 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Africa and the Atlantic World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second major development is the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492.The expedition lead to Spain gain power over the Portuguese in overseas colonization. Europeans began to then settle in the Americas and cultivated sugar, coffee, tobacco and rice. Mass human labor was needed on their plantations. Europeans referred to African slaves as black gold. European Colonizers transported over 12 million Africans. This is important because it changed the course of the African people and history. The third important development is in the sasss when African rulers negotiated trade treaties with Europeans.The African king Main-Kong agreed to an exchange of gold, iron and slaves for Portuguese guns, knives and goods. The Portuguese orchestrated village chiefs to wage war to increase the slave catch in exchange for guns. This is important because it ignited a civil war in Africa. The fourth major development is Spain and Portugal colonization of the Caribbean and South America in the sixteenth century. Their sugar crop grew just as easily as it did on the islands off the northern part of West Africa. After subduing the native peoples they implemented the plantation system.Thousands of Spanish and Portuguese ships packed with slaves sent out for the New World. By 1 750, nine out of ten West African slaves were exported to the New Worlds sugar cane fields. This is important because it increased the demand for slaves in the Caribbean and South America. The fifth major development is in 1 562, when John Hawkins n Englishman seized a slave ship and sold the slaves to the Spanish. He returned with a fat profit for Queen Elizabeth l. This was important because King Charles II granted a charter to Africa for the sole purpose of carrying slaves to Englands overseas colonies.English slave trading reached 20,000 annually, which made England the foremost slave traders in Europe. The sixth major development is the capture and sale Of slaves in Africa. Slaves marched about 550 miles to the sea, which caused some slaves to commit suicide by eating clay. Slaves died from exhaustion and starvation on the march. African sellers then sold slaves to Europeans. One African male life would be sold for thirteen bars of iron and one female life for nine bars and brass rings. This is important because it marked the beginning of a harsh destiny of the African people.The seventh major development is the middle passage. Africans were trusted into coffin size quarters in the hold of the ship. Pitiful rations led to undernourishment and confinement in iron shackles spread diseases. The need for basic hygiene killed the Africans SE respect. The sailors raped the women. Men suspected of uprising were dismembered in front of the others. This was significant because it tore Africans away from their beloved homeland and their physical and psychological will to live was diminished. The eighth major development the sale of slaves in the Americas.Survivors of the middle passage voyage had to endure another unimaginable outcome of being sold to European masters. This is significant because it marked the heinous fate of slaves in America. The ninth major development is the role of Africans in early Spanish America. Estates also known as the Black Arabian with Spanish conquistador De Vacant Were among the first non-natives to enter the interior of North America. Two Africans with Hispanic names Juan Garrison and Juan Gonzales were on De Loons expedition that seized Puerco Rice in 1508.Africans went on to help Cortes during his siege of modern day Mexico and Pizzerias conquest of the Incas in Peru. This is important because it marked the Africans not only as slaves but important navigators and soldiers in the Spanish conquests of the Americas. The tenth major event is first hand account of Aloud Quinoas journey of being forced into slavery and sold I the Americas. In 1 755, after arriving at the old slave fort at Calabash, Equation recalled the harsh conditions of living on a slave ship. When I was carried o board, I was immediately handled and tossed up, to see if were sound, by the crew. The iron shackles aggravated young Equation. The stench of the hold was intolerably loathsome and dangerous to breathe. The shrieks of woman, and groans of the dying made it impossible for him to eat, for whiff he was flogged. Even known sailors to gratify their brutal passion with females not even ten years old, Equation recalled. Equation was to young an weak to be sold on the ship after arriving to the Americas so he was shipped to Virginian plantation to be sold.This is an important text because it is a if detailed account of a slaves journey through the evil slave trade and humankind the so called heathen African stigma. The event that interested me the most is the big part that Africans played in the Spanish Conquest of the Americas. From Garrison and Gonzales helping to seize Puerco Rice to the Africans who helped seize the Capital of Denominational and the conquest of the Incas in Peru. This is the most important to me because it showed the true heart Of the soldier and navigation spirit Of the African people.The event that interested me the least was a fact that Equation recalled on the slave ship. Even known them (sailors) to gratify their brutal passion with females not ten years old. This event showed the true nature of slave ship owners who rationalized human trafficking based on the fact that Africans were heathens, who in fact themselves were the true ungodly people. In the last decade American historians may have considered that Africans were responsible for the Trans Atlantic slave trade because of the facts that African chiefs did in fact sell slaves to Europeans. In my opinion if Europeans did not expand into Africa territories and corrupt the African people with guns and power there ay have never been an African slave trade. The facts under the Course information such as Ancient civilizations unearthed among the ruins of Ancient Nubian, ancient records referring to Ethiopians as Egyptians, Herodotus referring to ancient Egyptians as black Africans, Count Victor Volley stating African people provided basic tenants to modern civilization and the Aryans stating the Sumerians were black people are very interesting points to the history of African culture.Artifacts such as Egyptian architecture, astronomical observatories uncovered in Kenya, the oldest deiced texts in Egypt, the first hospital in the temple of Impotent and the oldest known furnace in Tanzania show a great civilization Of African people. I believe these facts are covered up in todays classrooms and texts because white Europeans founded our country. Perhaps a white superior underto ne was needed to rationalize the slave trade.Also to admit that Africans were the first civilized people would make white Europeans less superior to Africans. These findings show that we need to go back with open hearts and minds to unearth the true facts of planet Earths first civilizations. In inclusion the African people went though an unimaginable hardships being ripped from their home and disconnected from their African roots.European slave traders and plantation owners profited off the blood and labor of the African nation. One can only hope that the lesson has been learned that human trafficking for slavery should have never happened. Hopefully leaders of the world will look back on accounts such as the brave young Aloud Sonorousnesss of being captured and sold, to remind them of the evil of slavery.

Affirmative Action Essays (926 words) - Discrimination,

Affirmative Action AFFIRMATIVE ACTION I. ?We didn't land on Plymouth Rock, my brothers and sisters ? Plymouth Rock landed on us!? Malcolm X's observation is brought out by the facts of American History. Snatched from their native land, transported thousands of miles ? in a nightmare of disease and death ? and sold into slavery, blacks were reduced to the legal status of farm animals. Even after emancipation, blacks were segregated from whites ? in some states by law, and by social practice almost everywhere. American apartheid continued for another century. In 1954 the Supreme Court declared state-compelled segregation in schools unconstitutional, and it followed up that decision with others that struck down many forms of official segregation. Still, discrimination survived, and in most southern states blacks were either discouraged or prohibited from exercising their right to vote. Not until the 1960's was compulsory segregation finally and effectively challenged. Between 1964 and 1968 Congress passed the most sweeping civil rights legislation since the end of the Civil War. It banned discrimination in employment, public accommodations (hotels, motels, restaurants, etc.), and housing; it also guaranteed voting rights for blacks in areas suspected of disenfranchising blacks. Today, several agencies in the federal government exercise sweeping powers to enforce these civil rights measures. But is that enough? Equality of condition between blacks and whites seems as elusive as ever. The black unemployment rate is double that of whites, and the percentage of black families living in poverty is nearly four times that of whites. Only a small percentage of blacks ever make it into medical school or law schools. Advocates of affirmative action have focused upon these differences to support their argument that it is no longer enough just to stop discrimination. Liberal Democrats feel that the damage done by three centuries of racism now has to be remedied, they argue, and effective remediation requires a policy of ?affirmative action.? At the heart of affirmative action is the use of ?numerical goals.? Opponents call them ?racial quotas.? Whatever the name, what they imply is the setting aside of a certain number of jobs or positions for blacks or other historically oppressed groups. Conservative Republicans charge that affirmative action really amounts to reverse discrimination, that it penalizes innocent people simply because they are white, that it often results in unqualified appointments, and that it ends up harming instead of helping blacks. The issue of preferences to address historical patterns of racial, ethnic, and gender discrimination has received a great deal of attention nationally. Whether in government contracts, private sector hiring, college admissions, or state hiring practices, opponents in the issue have engaged in often-heated debates. In Michigan, legislation to limit or eliminate affirmative action has been introduced this session. A good example of this legislation was proposed on March 18,1998 and it is called SJR N (S-2). This resolution proposed an amendment to the Michigan Constitution to prohibit discrimination based on sex or ethnicity and to prohibit the state and its political subdivisions from using religion, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin as a basis for discriminating against or giving preferential treatment to any individual or group in employment, public education, or public contracting. The present system violates the fundamental principle of equal protection of the law against discrimination on the basis of immutable characteristics of race, sex, color, ethnicity, and national origin. SJR N (S-2) was intended to end this practice and return Michigan to the goal of a colorblind society. II. SJR N (S-2) is on the Conservative side of things, in that, the legislation is trying to stop ?reverse racism?. There really is no moderate way to look at affirmative action; you can either be for it or against it. Sen. Bill Bullard Jr. was the chair and sponsor of this bill, but when he met with the other members of this committee it was stated in the minutes of the meeting that the issue will not be voted on today?, nor does he (Bill Bullard) intend to press for a vote in the Legislature this year. There will be future opportunities for all who wish to contribute to this dialogue to have their views heard. The committee then had a long list of testimony from those who

Double O Heaven review of ;The World Is Not Enough; Essays

Double O Heaven review of ;The World Is Not Enough; Essays Double O Heaven review of ;The World Is Not Enough; Essay Double O Heaven review of ;The World Is Not Enough; Essay Well kids the latest Bond movie is out at a cinema near you and is set for the top of the charts. The World Is Not Enough contains all the typical Bond assets: guns, gadgets, getaways and of course the Bond girls! Throughout this article I will take you through all the ingredients to make a classic Bond, The World Is Not Enough is no exception to this. The World Is Not Enough is a formula film, as is every James Bond film. The formula must contain, lots of action, gadgets, the Bond girl, chase sequences and a load of explosions and stunts. The Hollywood high concept film contains fast-paced editing so dont blink or youll miss the action! As far as the mise en scene is concerned, the gadgets are surely the most noticeable props. I guess the first one to notice are the glasses with the button that Bond uses to trigger off a small explosive device disguised as a gun. From this diversion Bond can make his getaway from the Swiss bankers. Further into the movie, Bond chases an assassin who turns to the water in a speed-boat as an escape route. So Bond takes out a small, prototype powerboat from the MI6 Head Quarters and pursues the assassin down the River Thames. Now, Bonds boat is equipped with everything, from satellite maps of London to rockets. Naturally the film displays more gadgets which just seem to have gotten better as the years have passed. I believe the reason why there are so many new gadgets in the films is because all James Bond films have a very similar plot, an evil genius plans to take over the world, and Bond stops him, thus saving the world! The gadgets are what people go to see Bond for. They bring sus pense to the film, and the audience to the edge of their seats. Gadgets are used to make the viewer think I wonder what else he has up his sleeve? Famous landmarks such as The Tower of London, The Houses of Parliament and The MI6 Head Quarters symbolise the safety of the realm and the British establishment. As always the British are admirably defended by the unruffled Bond in his conservative suit. As usual in a Bond film there is no lack of sexist character/gender representation. Of course, Bond being male is represented as the strongest of all the characters and no woman could match him. This is also seen in the boat chase sequence. Bond gets the smaller, more versatile, faster and ultimately better boat. The woman gets the leisure cruiser/ speedboat, although she handles it well and is the victor throughout much of the race. Bond women are seen as weaker, and whether theyre on Bonds side or not they always seem to give in to his devilishly, irritating charm. And of course he wouldnt be James Bond if he didnt sleep with at least one woman, so that was always guaranteed. There is no sign of stopping those corny, sexist comments made by the man himself. For examples when a receptionist asks Bond How are my figures? he replies Oh, Im sure theyre perfectly rounded. Referring to her figure rather than her numbers. The Bond girls, look as if they have been created on a virtual real ity program, perfect in every way. The latest model sports a figure-hugging red catsuit but uses a variety of weapons adeptly proving herself to be a worthy adversary. There is a wide range of use of different camera angles to suit the action or surroundings. The best shot scene in the whole movie, must be the boat chase sequence. This scene uses just about all the camera shots possible. It has many panning and tracking shots, to set the momentum of the chase and also to show the setting is London as these camera angles show The Tower of London, Westminister and other famous landmarks. There are also many points of view and close up shots to emphasise emotions and feelings and extreme close ups for the effectiveness of Bonds gadgets. Low angle shots force us to see Bond as unusually vulnerable as he ends up on the edge of the balloon rope booking up at his powerful competitor. This creates tension until she conveniently blows herself up. The editing in The World Is Not Enough is superb. The chase sequence is excellent; it contains an important variety of camera shots. This variety of changing camera shots has made for an interesting hook that keeps the audience enthralled in the rest of the movie. It is very important that the scene is fast and exciting, many cuts to different camera angles ensure this. Editing is so important in the movie industry, and the editors of The World Is Not Enough have really hit the nail on the head. The constantly changing camera from Bond to the assassin helps increase the sense of competition. It also creates suspense, confusion and chaos, which keeps the audience riveted to the edge of their seats. The majority of cuts in a section where Bonds boat miraculously transforms itself into a road vehicle and drives through a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Humour and tension are retained through the chaos through effective editing. Lighting is important because it is used to lighten up the atmosphere and relieve the tension. Darkness and shadows represents a lurking evil for example when the power (lights) goes out in the MI6 Head Quarters there seems to be a phantom menace. So the lighting is important and works in The World Is Not Enough. The more open combat between Bond and his femme fatale is by contrast in broad daylight. There are two parts of the sound I look at. First being diagetic sound, without this then the movie would be like a silent movie from the 1920s. Which is not necessarily a bad thing the comic genius Charlie Chaplin is considered one on cinemas legends and is far more popular than Pierce Brosnan, however silent movies would not appeal to modern audience. Diagetic sound includes; explosions, gunfire and engine noise, the sound-track is the non-diagetic sound, the classic James Bond theme music for example. This also includes suspense music, which is used to make the atmosphere more intense. I think on the overall basis, the hook of the opening scene of The World Is Not Enough is fantastic. Put together by the editing, sound, and mise en scene. It is this combination that sets for such an effective opening to the rest of this marvellous Bond flick. This has stayed within the limits of the classic Bond genre with modern technological additions Double O Heaven indeed. Race to a cinema near you now!

Human Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Psychology - Essay Example As a result, modern psychology is an amalgam of stances, theories and perspective that supplement or contradict each other. Functional psychology or functionalism is a broad psychological school that became popular in the early decades of 20th century. Advocates of functional approach focused on the active (functional) adaptation of human consciousness to the environment (Vandenbos, 2006). Functional psychology relied on the work of William James, a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher, and the evolutionary theory developed of Charles Darwin. The primary concern of functionalists was to understand how the human mind and consciousness functions. Functionalists believed that this could be done via introspection: "Functionalists studied the mind not from the standpoint of its composition-its mental elements of structure-but rather as a conglomerate or accumulation of functions and processes that lead to practical consequences in the real world" (Schultz, & Schultz, 2008, p.145). As a result, functionalists rejected the traditional positivist philosophy of experimental research and advocated the potential of rational thought being concerned with the capability of the mind and practical value of psychological research. The essence of functional psychology was articulated by John Dewey, the brightest representative of functionalism, in his "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896). Dewey criticized the notion of elementarism and atomism that dominated early psychology. His criticism also covered the emerging school of behaviorism with its stimulus-response theory (Dewey, 1964). Although functional psychology failed to become a formal school, the concepts and principles formulated by representatives of this approach contributed greatly to the development of behavioral psychology (Schultz, & Schultz, 2008). An essential contribution of functionalism was recognition of the validity of research involving animals, children and people with psychiatric disabilities. Yet the most important contribution of functionalism to contemporary psychological practice was introduction of novel research methods and techniques such as mental tests, questionnaires and physiological measures (Biro, & Shahan, 1982). T his legacy continues to play critically important role in modern psychological practice. Behaviorism The origins of behaviorist perspective, a theory successfully applied in modern psychological practice can be traced back to John Watson (1878 - 1958) whom was the first theorist to formulate the principles of modern behaviorism. The school of behaviorism embraces hundreds of theories, practices, and trends that have emerged over several decades. However, the underlying feature of any behaviorist theory or concept is the emphasis on external influences on behavior and motivation that are viewed as the most critical aspect of understanding the inner world of human beings. Thus, Wilfred Sellars (1963), an outstanding philosopher of the last century whom witnessed emergence development and decline of behaviorism noted "a person may qualify as a behaviorist, loosely or attitudinally speaking, if they insist on confirming hypotheses about psychological events in terms of behavioral

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Research Proposal Example Therefore, even those consumers who wished to purchase electronics faced restrictions in doing so since there was limited credit. This resulted in huge losses for electronics companies, including Blackberry, Motorola Mobility, and Nokia, evidencing the significant effects the recession was having on the electronics industry. The research paper will seek to evaluate the effects of the recession on behaviour of the consumer in the UK electronics industry, particularly with regards to the smartphone industry. Understanding the response of consumers to the economic downturn with regards to their buying behaviour is imperative for companies seeking to ensure future success (Chakrabarti, 2011: p56). While signs show that the UK economy is stabilizing, leading to questions about this research’s relevance, the changes to consumer behaviour by recessions tend to last for a long time. Therefore, even as economists signal the end of the recession and beginning of recovery, this is unlike ly to be reflected immediately by consumers in their buying behaviour. This literature review will seek to provide a strong foundation in order to understand various widely used consumer behaviour models, which is important in investigating current buying behaviour and decision-making process of consumers in the UK. Consumer behaviour accounts for every decision and action taken by individuals during the purchase of services and goods. According to Dees & Soares (2013: p5), studying the behaviour of consumers is important since for firms to be successful, they should understand the forces that drive consumers to make decisions about purchasing a product, while also helping determine why they choose one brand over another, how they come to these decisions, and how this information can be used for value creation. Foxall (2013: p99) defines consumer behaviour as the study of those processes through which groups or

Strategy planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategy planning - Essay Example However, the younger generation between the age of 18 and 28 seem to be comfortable with the brands from crystal fashion. The idea is to ensure that brand that resonates with them such as scarfs, sweaters and dresses. Crystal fashion in pursuit for a credible customer base needs to be more radical than the other competitors in the market (Wittmann & Reuter, 2008). The young professionals from either gender who have so far embraced the brands from the fashions talk of the products as being unique and classic effectively revealing who they are are in the society (Kurtz, 2012). The company should be more interested in the secrets of the young people as a strategy for producing future brands. Crystal Fashion is an organization that deals with production of garments and clothes for both men and women. In the recent past the company has sought to venture into new markets and to expand its market portfolio as appropriate. Most of the brands from the company have found favor with most of the consumers in Saudi Arabia region and the strategy is to position the clothing and garment brands in the market to attract more loyal customers. Crystal fashion is an organization closely held, for profit and is medium sized compared to other entities in the market (May, 2010). The company has a substantial customer base with earn a profit of one million turnovers. The idea is to have the young people share their stories concerning their preferred brands and fashion to enable the company factor such issues in the production of future brands. The strategy is to obtain the secrets from the target group as a basis for coming up better and improved brands that are accepted by a majority (Dillon, 2012). The company needs to come up with diverse channels that enable the target group share their secrets, learn from other people then use the input from the individuals to improve on the brands. The

What Is The Irrigation System History Essay

What Is The Irrigation System History Essay Irrigation system consists on taking water from the main water source and diverting it with artificial channels where it used for agriculture needs. This system is dictated by the geographical and geology position. As we know Nile valley civilizations have depended by getting the best use of this river. As Herodotus said Egypt is the gift of the river.The efficiency of these irrigation systems made possible the fertility of the land , so irrigation schemes were not only built, but even maintained. The Nile being one of the most predictable rivers in the world, and has a flood period nearly to one hundred days. There for the agriculture was based in winter crops after the annual floods had subsided. Being only one water source which was hard to control, the irrigation works were based to deal only with peak of the flood along the river bank. In order to descend the water into several basins in succession , they made large flat-bottomed basins. Water, after being drained off to the crops and back into the river at the right time of the growing cycle after it stayed for several days in the fields. Herodotus wrote that the Egyptians get their harvests with less labor than anyone else in the world. The irrigation system got even better after they knew in advance the height of the annual flood. The fluctuations of the Nile floods made the irrigation system quite primitive and food was not stored efficiently. Their irrigation system was primitive and they depended on one winter crop per year. They were not capable to dam the river as a consequence there was no attempt at water storage. The big centers of ancient Egypt civilization, which lay along the river had the possibility for a second crop. The Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom were periods in Egyptian history when strong central government flourished in times of prosperity. Its not clear whether strong central government resulted in effective irrigation and good crop production, or whether strong central government broke down after climatic changes resulted in unstable agricultural production. Dams It was more a giant weir, to hold back some of the annual flood waters coming down the valley, and to divert some of that water, under control, out of sluices and into a canal system. Perhaps the earliest successful technique was to build a diversion dam. The structure is built right across the bed of the stream, and is not merely a cut in the river-bank that takes off some of the water into a canal. Stream valleys with only seasonal flow are the best places to learn dam-building. The dam can be built during the dry season, allowing engineers to learn how to build a successful dam, without having to master also the technique of diverting the stream. The dam can also be maintained or repaired during dry seasons. If the dam fails in flood, it does no more than restore the old flow, and is not catastrophic. Its probably not a coincidence that all the most ancient dams are built across intermittent streams, or wades. So, the daily life could continue its routine. Making good use of all these works they use these as highways to transport all kind of things through water. Not only this, but they could dominate the floods and use it at their favor and take the maximum of their land. The Nile gift enmark beside this was used for food storage in good times. They perfectioned their tools to made all these architechtual wonders for the time. As early as 5000 B.C., nomadic hunter-gatherers of northeastern Africa began to settle by the Nile. They took up a farming life regulated by the riverà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s seasonal rise and fall, growing cereal crops such as wheat and barley. The Nile also provided these Neolithic farmers with ducks and geese in its marshlands and fish in its waters. The early Egyptians harvested papyrus growing wild along the banks of the Nile, using the long, thin reeds to make rope, matting, sandals, baskets, and later on sheets of paper like writing material. Body paragraph 2 Ancient Egyptians had to contend with enormous temperature swings. They looked for a place not only to protect them from heat and cold, but even to storage the food. Because rainfall was in frequent, the main construction material was plentiful sun-baked mud . The basic Egyptian house consisted of a high rectangular enclosure wall and an entry door faced north at the narrow end, a central pool of water just past the entry door, a roofed area raised on columns open at the front. In general these three elements were the main points of all Egyptian houses. In order to feel breezes not possible at ground level, they added stairs leading to the roof. Windows were placed higher in rooms in order to drop the heat down. They were small in size as the Sun shinned brightly all day. Bedrooms incorporated raised alcoves for sleeping and adobe benches along one or more walls for sitting and supporting objects; niches in the walls held small oil lamps. In size, Egyptian homes were comparable to th ose of our time. The workers were needed to built the monumental works. During the spring the Nile flooded, so for three months the workers were taken in their villages by a represented of the pharaoh. While he shouted : In the name of the pharaoh , the soldiers gathered the people and putted in a navy to be transported in the work place and they had to be in the navy for several weeks. After these, they were settled in their provisory homes, where they would stay there for the rest of the time needed to finish the work. The recruits were compesed with food and cloth. They were divided into 500 divisions with 20 men per division. Women made supplementary works for the workers. In their monuments and other architectonic works they represented even the matriarchal and patriarchal system. They showed in statues woman hanging the shoulder to their man. In the Old Kingdom we can see that some columns have the face of a woman. Egyptian temples were placed where spiritual work was done. An arch with a wing disk was always found to the entrance of the temple. They were created with the form of a snake, snake is the maschilism form and Feminism. The feminism and maschilim have to be in balance, so that the ego of every day world has to be left aside in order to enter the cosmic world. The efficient functioning of the temple was made possible by a large staff of priests and other support staff. They served in one lunar month in rotation and during three months of free time after service, they worked in other temples. Every temple was the residence of gods, but there were even libraries, so the priests had to do great work. After entering the temple they were excluded from their social life goods . Body paragraph 3- Many great mysteries surround their vast architectonic works. Their time of building, the way of building is still a main topic of discussion among Egyptologists. They think how it was possible to transport massive blocks through ramps or in which way. A new theory is that of internal ramps. Further more they say the grand gallery served as a high complex to transport the marble stones. Till today the most known theory is that which states the building the pyramid according to the Sirius constellation. Even this theory has some contradictions if we compare the geologic structure, the river base as it was in different years. Putting together lines and marks, which usually helped the workmen keep balance and edge during the groundwork, full size sketches were from time to time used to lay out relatively scale, small-scale architectural details. Egyptians not solely used the 3-4-5 triangle to shred right angles, but that they were also sensitive that identically triangles could be acquired by varying the dimensions, but keeping fixed the proportions between the sides. This is an notable point, which might have had a notable function in the project and construction of pyramids. We have information that the period between The Middle Kingdom square grids were used for two dimensional scenes. Modern studies have proved that the dimensions of mud-brick in ancient Egypt varied from a smaller size used in the early Dynastic Period to larger versions adopted from the Old Kingdom onwards, but their proportions remained more or less the same, with a ratio of about 2:1 between length and width. The surviving drawings barely provide enough information about the two-dimensional layout of the plans, and do not seem to have been the principal instrument to take decisions about the three-dimensional aspects. This gap between the schematic drawings and the actual buildings may have been filled by architectural models, which might have been used to visualize in advance the real appearance of the construction. without the distortions and illusions produced by the adoption of the graphic conventions necessary to reproduce a three-dimensional reality on a two-dimensional surface. Among the mass of votive objects, there are a few architectural models that can be related to the planning and building process. A temple is much simpler by the geometrical aspect compared with a temple. Even their geometry is simple, mathematical knowledge is used during the calculation process. Body paragraph 4- During the Archaic Period it was the peek of good relations between Greece and Egypt. It was the perfect time to transfer artistic and architectural notions between the Egyptians and Greeks This period in Egypt was a time of great artistic and architectural revival. The Rhoikos temple labyrinths clearly associates it with the Egyptian marvel. Significant innovations in Ionian temple architecture of this period greatly resemble long established and commonly implemented elements of the Egyptian colossal architectural tradition. In Naukratis below the astragal on the uppermost part of the column shaft is the Egyptian lotus flower and bud. Similarities are found with the Egyptian colonnade and the Ionic peristyle. the difference being that the central columns of the Egyptian hypostyle hall are far more massive than Ionic. Egyptian architecture has stimulated the imagination of architects in modern times. An interesting similarity is Burnham Root`s Monadnock Building for having heavy sloping lines of an Egyptian pyramid. Not even that, but many modern buildings in Las Vegas and not only are trying to rebuild pyramid like structures. These attract people`s curiosity. Still today the Egyptian architecture opens debate and is still functional. Conclusion The good architecture of dams and the irrigation system made possible that the daily life flows normally. Not only this, but they could dominate the floods and use it at their favor and take the maximum of their land. They used their architectonic knowledge in their favor to build good houses. But the most impressed impact of building the magnificent architectonic marvel from sketch to reality was the slaves daily life in the work place. The life changed even for the temple personnel, which it has not been mentioned in many history books. The most impressed thing was their knowledge used in architectonic buildings. Still today the mystery, debate cover the ancient architectonic works. Even that many centuries have passed, even now days we are fascinated by their architectonic.

Analysis of Mending Wall by Robert Frost :: essays research papers

Mending Wall written by Robert Frost, describes the relationship between two neighbors and idea of maintaining barriers. Where one of them feels that there is no need of this wall, 'There where it is we do not need the wall: He is all pine and I am apple orchard.' On the other hand his neighbor remains unconvinced and follows inherited wisdom passed down to him by his father, 'Good fences make good neighbors.' They even kept the wall while mending it, this reflect that they never interact with each other, ?We keep the wall between us as we go?. Robert Frost has maintained this literal meaning of physical barriers but it does contain metaphor as representation of these physical barriers separating the neighbors and also their friendship. It describes how the conservative farmer follows traditions blindly and the isolated life followed by him. It reflects how people make physical barriers and that later in life come to their social life too. Where neighbor with pine tree, believes that this separation is needed as it is essential for their privacy and personal life. The poem explores a paradox in human nature. The first few lines reflect demolition of the wall, ?Something there is that doesn?t reflect love a wall? this reflects that nature itself does not like separation. The "something" referring to the intangible sense of social interaction. Furthermore "that sends the frozen-ground-swell under it" refers to Frost or to the author. Although the narrator does not want the wall, ironically, the mending of the wall brings the neighbors together and literally builds their friendship. An additional irony of the poem is that the only time these two neighbors sees each other is when they both mend the wall. The narrator s ees the stubbornness in his neighbor, and uses the simile 'like an old-stone savage' to compare him to a stone-age man who 'moves in darkness', that is, set in his ways, and who is unlikely to change his views.